Santalum lanceolatum

Santalum lanceolatum tree

Santalum lanceolatum is a species of plant in the Santalaceae family, commonly known as the Northern Sandalwood or Lancewood. It is native to Australia, where it is found primarily in the northern regions, including parts of Queensland, Northern Territory, and Western Australia. This species is part of the genus Santalum, which includes other commercially and culturally significant species such as the Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) and the Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum).

Description

Santalum lanceolatum is a small tree or large shrub, reaching heights of up to 8 meters. It has a distinctive appearance with lance-shaped leaves, from which its name is derived. The leaves are generally green to grey-green in color. The plant produces small, fragrant flowers that are typically white or pale green, followed by small, spherical, red fruits when mature.

Habitat and Distribution

The natural habitat of Santalum lanceolatum includes dry, open woodlands and forest areas. It prefers well-drained soils and is often found in sandy or rocky substrates. The species has adapted to a range of environmental conditions across its distribution, indicating a degree of ecological versatility.

Ecology

As with other members of the Santalum genus, Santalum lanceolatum is a hemiparasitic plant, meaning it obtains some of its nutrients from the roots of neighboring plants. Despite this parasitic behavior, it is capable of photosynthesis and can produce its own food. The plant plays a role in its ecosystem by providing habitat and food for various species of birds and insects, particularly through its flowers and fruits.

Uses

While not as widely known or utilized as its relatives S. album and S. spicatum, Santalum lanceolatum has been used by Indigenous Australian peoples for a variety of purposes. The wood is valued for its aromatic properties and has been used in traditional carvings and as a source of incense. The plant is also used in traditional medicine, although scientific studies on its medicinal properties are limited.

Conservation

The conservation status of Santalum lanceolatum varies across its range. Habitat loss and overharvesting for its aromatic wood and other parts pose threats to some populations. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat protection and sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the species' survival.

See Also

• Santalum album
• Santalum spicatum
• Santalaceae
• Flora of Australia