Second Republic of Korea

Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_(1949–1962)

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South_Korea_Second_Republic

South Korea

Official name	Second Republic of Korea
Common name	South Korea
Motto
Anthem
Flag	[[File:|125px]]
Coat of arms	[[File:|85px]]
Capital	Seoul
Largest city
Government	Parliamentary republic
Legislature

The Second Republic of Korea (Korean: 제2공화국) was the government of South Korea from 1960 to 1961. It was established following the collapse of the First Republic of Korea and was characterized by a parliamentary system of government. The Second Republic was the only instance in Korean history where the country was governed under a parliamentary system.

Establishment

The Second Republic was established on 15 August 1960, following the resignation of President Syngman Rhee after the April Revolution, a student-led uprising against electoral fraud and authoritarianism. The new government was formed under the leadership of President Yun Bo-seon and Prime Minister Chang Myon.

Government Structure

The Second Republic adopted a parliamentary system, significantly reducing the powers of the president and increasing the authority of the prime minister and the National Assembly. This shift aimed to prevent the concentration of power that had characterized the First Republic.

Political Climate

The period of the Second Republic was marked by political instability and economic difficulties. The government faced challenges such as widespread corruption, social unrest, and economic stagnation. Despite efforts to implement reforms, the administration struggled to maintain control and address the demands of the populace.

Downfall

The Second Republic came to an abrupt end on 16 May 1961, when a military coup led by Major General Park Chung-hee overthrew the government. The coup resulted in the establishment of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, which marked the beginning of military rule in South Korea.

Legacy

The Second Republic is often remembered for its attempt to establish a more democratic and parliamentary form of government in South Korea. However, its short duration and the subsequent military coup highlight the challenges faced in maintaining democratic governance during this period.

Related Pages

• First Republic of Korea
• Third Republic of Korea
• April Revolution
• Park Chung-hee
• Yun Bo-seon
• Chang Myon
• National Assembly (South Korea)