Mephenytoin

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Mephenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. It belongs to the class of drugs known as hydantoins, which are used to control seizures by stabilizing neuronal membranes and decreasing the excitability of neurons.

Pharmacology

Mephenytoin works by inhibiting the spread of seizure activity in the motor cortex. It achieves this by reducing the post-tetanic potentiation at synapses, which helps to prevent the excessive neuronal firing that characterizes seizures. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys.

Indications

Mephenytoin is indicated for the management of various types of seizures, including tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures. It is often prescribed when other anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin or carbamazepine, are not effective or cause adverse effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of mephenytoin include dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. More severe side effects can include liver toxicity, blood dyscrasias, and skin rashes. Patients taking mephenytoin should be monitored regularly for signs of toxicity and other adverse reactions.

Contraindications

Mephenytoin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to hydantoins. It should also be used with caution in patients with impaired liver function, as the drug is extensively metabolized in the liver.

Drug Interactions

Mephenytoin can interact with other medications, including other anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, and certain antibiotics. These interactions can either increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of mephenytoin.

History

Mephenytoin was first synthesized in the early 20th century and has been used clinically since the 1940s. It was one of the first anticonvulsants to be developed and has paved the way for the development of newer, more effective seizure medications.

See Also

• Epilepsy
• Anticonvulsant
• Phenytoin
• Carbamazepine
• Seizure