Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency

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Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
File:Immunglobulin A as Dimer.png
Synonyms	IgA deficiency
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Often asymptomatic, recurrent sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases
Complications	Increased risk of autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, infections
Onset	Usually diagnosed in childhood or adulthood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic factors, environmental factors
Risks	Family history of immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases
Diagnosis	Blood test showing low or absent IgA levels
Differential diagnosis	Common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	No specific treatment; management of infections and complications
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with proper management
Frequency	1 in 300 to 1 in 500 people in the United States
Deaths	N/A

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a genetic disorder in which the body produces little or no Immunoglobulin A (IgA). This is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies.

Signs and Symptoms

People with SIgAD may appear healthy and symptom-free. However, some people may have frequent infections, particularly of the sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Other symptoms may include allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.

Causes

The exact cause of SIgAD is unknown. It is believed to be a genetic disorder, but the specific genes involved have not been identified. It is also thought that environmental factors may play a role.

Diagnosis

SIgAD is diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of IgA in the blood. A diagnosis of SIgAD is made when the IgA level is very low or absent, and other causes of low IgA have been ruled out.

Treatment

There is no cure for SIgAD. Treatment is aimed at managing symptoms and preventing infections. This may include antibiotic therapy for infections, immunoglobulin therapy for those with severe symptoms, and vaccination to prevent infections.

See Also

• Immunodeficiency
• Primary immunodeficiency
• Common variable immunodeficiency