Sensory processing disorder

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Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in performing everyday tasks. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life and commonly co-occurs with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Autism Aspect Sensory Sensitivity 1

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Sensory Processing Disorder refers to a difficulty in the way the brain processes sensory information, leading to abnormal responses to ordinary sensory experiences. People with SPD may be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory stimuli, or may have difficulty with sensory motor skills.[1]

Symptoms and Types[edit | edit source]

  • Symptoms of SPD can vary widely depending on the individual and the type of SPD they have. The three primary types of SPD are:
  • Sensory Modulation Disorder: This is characterized by over- or under-reaction to sensory stimuli.
  • Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: This involves difficulty with balance, motor coordination, and the performance of motor tasks.
  • Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This is marked by difficulty interpreting subtle characteristics of objects, such as distinguishing between similar sounds, shapes, textures, etc.[2]

Causes[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of SPD is not known, but it is believed to be a neurological issue. Research has suggested a genetic component, as the condition often runs in families. Prenatal and birth complications, as well as environmental factors, have also been associated with SPD.[3]

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of SPD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a trained occupational therapist. This assessment may include standardized testing, structured observation, and parent or teacher interviews.[4]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for SPD usually involves occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach, in which a person is engaged in meaningful activities that provide sensory stimulation. The goal is to improve the brain's ability to process sensory information. Other interventions, such as physical therapy or speech-language therapy, may also be beneficial depending on the individual's needs.[5]

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Miller, L. J., et al. (2007). Sensory Processing Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(6), 518-526.
  2. Dunn, W.. (2007). Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge. Infants & Young Children, 20(2), 84-101.
  3. Miller, L. J., & Nielsen, D. M. (2012). Sensational Kids: Hope and Help for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder. Penguin Books.
  4. Parham, L. D., & Ecker, C. (2013). Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Western Psychological Services.
  5. Schaaf, R. C., & Nightlinger, K. M. (2007). Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integrative Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 30(3), 1-4.
Sensory processing disorder Resources

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