Sensory processing disorder
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| Sensory processing disorder | |
|---|---|
| File:20200711 Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) - categories and subtypes.svg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Over- or under-responsiveness to sensory stimuli, difficulty with sensory integration |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Childhood |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly genetic and environmental factors |
| Risks | Autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, Sensory profile |
| Differential diagnosis | Autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Anxiety disorder |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Occupational therapy, Sensory integration therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Unknown |
| Deaths | N/A |
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in performing everyday tasks. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life and commonly co-occurs with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Introduction[edit]
Sensory Processing Disorder refers to a difficulty in the way the brain processes sensory information, leading to abnormal responses to ordinary sensory experiences. People with SPD may be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory stimuli, or may have difficulty with sensory motor skills.[1]
Symptoms and Types[edit]
- Symptoms of SPD can vary widely depending on the individual and the type of SPD they have. The three primary types of SPD are:
- Sensory Modulation Disorder: This is characterized by over- or under-reaction to sensory stimuli.
- Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: This involves difficulty with balance, motor coordination, and the performance of motor tasks.
- Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This is marked by difficulty interpreting subtle characteristics of objects, such as distinguishing between similar sounds, shapes, textures, etc.[2]
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of SPD is not known, but it is believed to be a neurological issue. Research has suggested a genetic component, as the condition often runs in families. Prenatal and birth complications, as well as environmental factors, have also been associated with SPD.[3]
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of SPD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a trained occupational therapist. This assessment may include standardized testing, structured observation, and parent or teacher interviews.[4]
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for SPD usually involves occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach, in which a person is engaged in meaningful activities that provide sensory stimulation. The goal is to improve the brain's ability to process sensory information. Other interventions, such as physical therapy or speech-language therapy, may also be beneficial depending on the individual's needs.[5]
See Also[edit]
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Occupational therapy
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
References[edit]
- ↑ Miller, L. J., et al. (2007). Sensory Processing Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(6), 518-526.
- ↑ Dunn, W.. (2007). Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge. Infants & Young Children, 20(2), 84-101.
- ↑ Miller, L. J., & Nielsen, D. M. (2012). Sensational Kids: Hope and Help for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder. Penguin Books.
- ↑ Parham, L. D., & Ecker, C. (2013). Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Western Psychological Services.
- ↑ Schaaf, R. C., & Nightlinger, K. M. (2007). Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integrative Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 30(3), 1-4.
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