Serum sodium
| Serum Sodium | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Elemental sodium, an essential electrolyte in human physiology |
Serum sodium refers to the concentration of sodium ions (Na^+) present in the blood. Sodium plays a crucial role in electrolyte balance, nerve function, and fluid balance within the body. Abnormal serum sodium levels can indicate various medical conditions and require careful evaluation and management.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Sodium is the primary extracellular cation and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the physiological balance of the body's fluids. It is primarily regulated by the kidney through processes influenced by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
Normal Range[edit | edit source]
The typical range for serum sodium in adults is approximately 135-145 mEq/L. However, this range might vary slightly depending on the laboratory that analyzes the sample.
Hyponatremia[edit | edit source]
Hyponatremia refers to a condition where the serum sodium concentration drops below the lower limit of the normal range. Causes can be multifactorial and include:
- Excessive fluid intake
- Conditions causing fluid retention such as congestive heart failure
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
- Certain medications
Symptoms may range from nausea and headache to severe neurological manifestations like seizures and coma in profound cases.
Hypernatremia[edit | edit source]
Hypernatremia denotes elevated levels of sodium in the blood, above the typical upper limit. Causes can include:
- Dehydration
- Excessive salt intake
- Conditions leading to water loss like diabetes insipidus
- Reduced water intake in people with impaired thirst mechanism
The clinical presentation can vary from thirst and agitation to severe neurological deficits if the condition is not corrected.
Management[edit | edit source]
Management of abnormal serum sodium levels requires a comprehensive approach that includes:
- Identifying and treating the underlying cause
- Monitoring vital signs
- Regular serum sodium level checks
- Adjusting fluid and sodium intake as necessary
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
| Serum sodium Resources | |
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