Severe cutaneous adverse reactions

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs) are a group of severe skin reactions that are often associated with medication use. These reactions can range from mild to life-threatening and include conditions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS).

Etiology[edit | edit source]

SCARs are typically caused by an adverse reaction to medications. The most common drugs associated with SCARs include antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and allopurinol. However, any medication can potentially cause a SCAR.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

The exact pathophysiology of SCARs is not fully understood. It is believed to involve a complex interaction between the drug, the immune system, and the skin. In some cases, the drug may directly damage the skin cells, leading to cell death and the release of inflammatory mediators. In other cases, the drug may trigger an immune response, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

The clinical presentation of SCARs can vary widely, depending on the specific type of reaction. Common symptoms include a rash, fever, and involvement of internal organs. In severe cases, the skin may blister and peel off, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of SCARs is primarily based on clinical presentation and history of drug exposure. Laboratory tests, skin biopsy, and immunological tests may also be used to support the diagnosis.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The primary treatment for SCARs is discontinuation of the offending drug. Supportive care, including wound care and management of systemic symptoms, is also important. In some cases, immunosuppressive therapy may be used to control the immune response.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis of SCARs can vary widely, depending on the severity of the reaction and the patient's overall health. With prompt recognition and treatment, most patients can recover fully. However, severe reactions can be life-threatening and may result in long-term complications.

See Also[edit | edit source]

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions Resources
Wikipedia
WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD