HIV infection

HIV infection is a medical condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It primarily affects the immune system, leading to a progressive decline in immune function and eventually resulting in AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

Overview

HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and diseases.

Transmission

HIV can be transmitted through several routes, including sexual contact, blood transfusion, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Symptoms

The symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but they often include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss. As the disease progresses, it can lead to more serious conditions such as opportunistic infections and cancers.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HIV infection is primarily based on testing for the presence of antibodies to the virus in the blood. Other tests, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), can also be used to detect the virus itself.

Treatment

While there is currently no cure for HIV infection, it can be managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves taking a combination of HIV medicines every day to prevent the virus from replicating, which helps to slow the progression of the disease.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for HIV infection include practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if at high risk of infection.

See also

• AIDS
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Opportunistic infections
• Retrovirus

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