Intravenous drug users

Intravenous Drug Use
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Synonyms	IV drug use, Injecting drug use
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Intravenous drug users are individuals who administer drugs directly into their bloodstream using a needle and syringe. This method of drug administration is commonly associated with illicit substances such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine, but can also include the use of prescription medications in a manner not intended by the prescribing doctor.

Risks and Complications

Intravenous drug use carries significant health risks. The most immediate risk is that of overdose, which can be fatal. Long-term risks include infections, both localized and systemic. Users are at an increased risk of contracting blood-borne diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C, largely due to the sharing of needles. Other complications include:

• Abscesses and other skin infections
• Endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves
• Increased risk of blood clots and deep vein thrombosis
• Chronic venous damage, leading to swollen limbs

Prevention and Treatment

Efforts to reduce the harm associated with intravenous drug use include needle exchange programs, which provide clean syringes to users to prevent the spread of infections. Treatment for addiction typically involves a combination of medication-assisted treatment (MAT), counseling, and support groups. MAT often includes medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone to help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

Social and Legal Implications

Intravenous drug use is heavily stigmatized and is associated with various social and legal issues. Users often face marginalization and may encounter significant barriers to employment and healthcare. Legally, possession of syringes without a prescription and possession of controlled substances are criminal offenses in many jurisdictions, which can lead to incarceration and further marginalization.

See Also

• Drug addiction
• Harm reduction
• Opioid epidemic