T cell deficiency

T cell deficiency is a type of immunodeficiency where the immune system's T cells are either absent or functioning improperly. This condition can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. T cell deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems, including increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer.

Causes

T cell deficiency can be caused by a variety of factors. Some people are born with genetic mutations that affect the development or function of T cells, leading to congenital T cell deficiency. This includes conditions such as DiGeorge syndrome and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).

Acquired T cell deficiency can occur as a result of certain diseases or treatments. For example, HIV/AIDS is a well-known cause of acquired T cell deficiency, as the virus specifically targets and destroys T cells. Certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can also damage the immune system and lead to T cell deficiency.

Symptoms

The symptoms of T cell deficiency can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the deficiency. Common symptoms include frequent or severe infections, delayed growth and development in children, and autoimmune disorders. In severe cases, individuals with T cell deficiency may experience life-threatening infections or diseases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of T cell deficiency typically involves a series of tests to evaluate the immune system. This may include blood tests to measure the number and function of T cells, genetic testing to identify potential genetic causes, and imaging tests to check for physical abnormalities in the immune system.

Treatment

Treatment for T cell deficiency depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. For congenital T cell deficiencies, treatment may involve bone marrow transplant or gene therapy. For acquired T cell deficiencies, treatment may involve managing the underlying condition, such as antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS or adjusting cancer treatments.

See also

• Immune system
• Immunodeficiency
• T cells
• HIV/AIDS
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)