Swollen lymph nodes

Swollen lymph nodes or lymphadenopathy refers to the enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped glands located throughout the body. These glands play a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and storing cells that help fight infection and disease. Swollen lymph nodes can be a sign of various conditions, ranging from minor infections to more serious diseases such as cancer.

Causes

Swollen lymph nodes are commonly caused by infections, including:

• Viral infections such as the common cold, influenza, and HIV
• Bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) and Lyme disease
• Fungal infections in some cases

Other causes of lymphadenopathy include:

• Immune system disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
• Cancers that either originate in the lymphatic system, such as lymphoma, or have spread to the lymph nodes from other parts of the body
• Certain medications and vaccinations

Symptoms

The primary symptom of swollen lymph nodes is enlargement of the nodes themselves, which may be accompanied by pain or tenderness when touched. Depending on the underlying cause, other symptoms may include:

• Fever
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Redness or warmth over the lymph node

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of swollen lymph nodes typically involves a physical examination and medical history review. Additional tests may include:

• Blood tests to look for infection or other conditions
• Imaging tests such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI to assess the size and location of swollen lymph nodes
• Biopsy of the lymph node to check for cancerous cells

Treatment

Treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause. For infections, treatment may involve:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antiviral medications for certain viral infections

For cancer and other conditions, treatment options may include:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery to remove affected lymph nodes

In some cases, swollen lymph nodes resolve without treatment.

Prevention

Preventing swollen lymph nodes involves reducing the risk of infection and maintaining a healthy immune system through:

• Regular handwashing
• Staying up to date with vaccinations
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise

See also

• Lymphatic system
• Infection
• Immune system