Shaken impact syndrome

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), also known as Shaken Impact Syndrome, is a serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler. This condition is a form of Abusive Head Trauma (AHT), a term that encompasses all types of inflicted head injuries in children. SBS primarily affects children under the age of two, but cases have been reported in children up to five years old. The syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms: subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhages, and brain swelling, although the presence of all three symptoms is not necessary for diagnosis.

Causes

Shaken Baby Syndrome is caused by violent shaking of a young child, which can result in the brain moving back and forth across the skull. This action can cause bruising, swelling, and bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage) in the brain, which can lead to permanent, severe brain damage or death. The shaking often occurs out of frustration or anger over the child's crying.

Symptoms

Symptoms of SBS may include extreme irritability, decreased alertness, poor eating, breathing difficulties, convulsions, vomiting, and pale or bluish skin. Long-term consequences can include blindness, learning disabilities, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or paralysis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Shaken Baby Syndrome involves a thorough medical examination, including a careful history and physical examination, as well as diagnostic tests. These tests may include a CT scan or MRI of the head to assess brain injury, and a retinal examination by an ophthalmologist to look for retinal hemorrhages.

Treatment

Treatment for SBS is aimed at controlling the symptoms and minimizing long-term damage but may vary depending on the severity of the injuries. It often requires hospitalization and may include respiratory support, surgery to relieve intracranial pressure, and treatment for seizures and other complications.

Prevention

Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome is critical and involves educating parents and caregivers about the dangers of shaking a child. Programs that provide support and education to new parents can be effective in preventing this type of injury.

Legal Aspects

In many jurisdictions, causing injury to a child through shaking is considered a criminal offense. Legal consequences can include charges of assault, manslaughter, or murder, depending on the outcome for the child.

See Also

• Child abuse
• Traumatic brain injury
• Pediatrics

Shaken impact syndrome Resources
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