Shatkarma

Shatkarmas

Nauli

Kapalabhati - International Day of Yoga Celebration - NCSM - Kolkata 2017-06-21 2472

Shatkarma (Sanskrit: षटकर्म, Ṣaṭkarma) refers to the six purification techniques in Hatha Yoga, aimed at cleansing the body and preparing it for higher practices of meditation and pranayama. These techniques are detailed in classical yoga texts such as the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the Gheranda Samhita, and the Shiva Samhita. The Shatkarmas are considered essential for removing toxins and imbalances from the mind and body, thus facilitating physical and mental well-being.

Techniques

The six techniques of Shatkarma are:

1. Neti: Nasal cleaning, including Jala Neti (with water) and Sutra Neti (with a thread).
2. Dhauti: Cleansing of the digestive tract, which includes practices like Vamana Dhauti (voluntary vomiting) and Vastra Dhauti (cloth swallowing).
3. Nauli: Abdominal massage, aimed at stimulating the digestive fire and cleansing the abdominal organs.
4. Basti: Techniques for cleansing the colon, similar to modern enemas.
5. Kapalabhati: A breathing technique that acts as a cleansing for the lungs and the respiratory system.
6. Trataka: Concentrated gazing to cleanse the eyes and improve concentration.

Purpose and Benefits

The primary purpose of Shatkarma is to purify the body, removing excess mucus, fat, and other impurities that can hinder the flow of prana (vital energy) and affect the functioning of the internal organs. Regular practice of these techniques can lead to improved digestion, enhanced respiratory function, and a calmer, more focused mind. They are also said to prepare the body and mind for deeper yogic practices, including meditation and pranayama, by clearing the energy channels (Nadis) and balancing the chakras.

Practice and Precautions

While Shatkarma practices can offer numerous health benefits, they should be learned under the guidance of a qualified yoga teacher, as improper practice can lead to injury or adverse effects. Certain practices, such as Vamana Dhauti and Basti, are not recommended for everyone and should be performed only after consulting with a healthcare provider, especially by individuals with specific health conditions.

Cultural and Historical Context

The Shatkarmas hold a significant place in the broader context of Hatha Yoga, a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical techniques. Historically, these practices were developed by yogis to purify the body and mind, helping them achieve higher states of consciousness and spiritual enlightenment. Over time, they have been integrated into various yoga practices worldwide, reflecting the global spread and adaptation of yoga traditions.

See Also

• Yoga
• Ayurveda
• Meditation
• Pranayama