Short
Short Stature
Short stature refers to a condition where an individual's height is significantly below the average for their age and sex. It is a common concern in pediatric medicine and can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, hormonal imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Short stature can be classified into several categories based on its underlying causes:
Genetic Causes[edit | edit source]
- Turner syndrome: A chromosomal disorder affecting females, characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome. - Achondroplasia: A genetic disorder affecting bone growth, leading to disproportionate short stature. - Familial short stature: A condition where short stature is inherited from parents, with no underlying pathological cause.
Hormonal Causes[edit | edit source]
- Growth hormone deficiency: A condition where the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone, leading to reduced growth velocity. - Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can lead to growth retardation and short stature.
Nutritional Causes[edit | edit source]
- Malnutrition: Inadequate nutrition during critical growth periods can lead to stunted growth. - Chronic illnesses: Conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease can impair nutrient absorption, affecting growth.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of short stature involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:
- Growth charts: Tracking growth patterns over time to identify deviations from expected growth trajectories. - Bone age assessment: X-rays of the hand and wrist to determine bone maturity compared to chronological age. - Laboratory tests: Assessing hormone levels, nutritional status, and screening for genetic conditions.
Management[edit | edit source]
Management of short stature depends on the underlying cause:
- Hormone therapy: Administration of growth hormone in cases of deficiency. - Nutritional support: Addressing dietary deficiencies and ensuring adequate caloric intake. - Surgical interventions: In some cases, such as achondroplasia, surgical procedures may be considered to correct bone deformities.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with short stature varies widely depending on the cause. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can improve outcomes and quality of life.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Dwarfism - Endocrinology - Pediatric growth disorders
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD