Shoulder problem

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A shoulder problem refers to any condition that affects the shoulder joint, causing pain, discomfort, or limited range of motion. The shoulder is a complex joint that allows for a wide range of movements, making it susceptible to various injuries and conditions.

Anatomy of the Shoulder

The shoulder is composed of three main bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the clavicle (collarbone). These bones are connected by a network of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, including the rotator cuff, which plays a crucial role in shoulder stability and movement.

Common Shoulder Problems

Rotator Cuff Injuries

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilize the shoulder. Injuries to the rotator cuff, such as rotator cuff tears or tendinitis, are common and can result from overuse, trauma, or degeneration.

Frozen Shoulder

Also known as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. The condition typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing.

Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become compressed or pinched during shoulder movements. This can lead to inflammation and pain.

Arthritis

Arthritis in the shoulder can cause pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. The most common types affecting the shoulder are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. Shoulder bursitis can result from repetitive movements or direct trauma.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing shoulder problems typically involves a combination of a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasound.

Treatment

Treatment options for shoulder problems vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. Common treatments include:

• Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
• Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation
• Surgery for severe cases, such as arthroscopy or shoulder replacement

Related Pages

• Rotator cuff tear
• Frozen shoulder
• Shoulder impingement
• Arthritis
• Bursitis
• Physical therapy
• Orthopedics