Sodium deoxycholate

Sodium deoxycholate

Sodium deoxycholate is a sodium salt form of deoxycholic acid, a bile acid produced naturally by the liver and usually found in the gastrointestinal tract. It is used in various medical, biochemical, and industrial applications due to its properties as a detergent and emulsifier. Sodium deoxycholate has the ability to disrupt cell membranes, making it useful in the laboratory for lysing cells to extract protein or nucleic acids. In the medical field, it is utilized in the formulation of drugs and as an active ingredient in treatments for reducing submental fat, commonly known as double chin.

Uses

Medical

In cosmetic medicine, sodium deoxycholate is approved by the FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe convexity or fullness associated with submental fat in adults, an aesthetic condition commonly referred to as a double chin. When injected, it aids in the breakdown and absorption of dietary fat.

Laboratory

In molecular biology and biochemistry, sodium deoxycholate is used to lyse cells for the extraction of cell contents, such as proteins and nucleic acids. It is a component of many buffer solutions used in the purification of proteins and DNA from cellular materials.

Mechanism of Action

Sodium deoxycholate works by disrupting the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. In cosmetic applications, it destroys fat cells in the treatment area, which are then metabolized and eliminated by the body's natural processes.

Safety and Side Effects

While generally considered safe for its approved uses, sodium deoxycholate can cause side effects, particularly in cosmetic applications. These may include pain, swelling, bruising, redness, and numbness at the injection site. Rare but serious side effects can include nerve injury in the jaw that can cause an uneven smile or facial muscle weakness, and trouble swallowing.

Regulation

The use of sodium deoxycholate in medical and cosmetic applications is regulated by health authorities such as the FDA in the United States. Products containing sodium deoxycholate must meet safety and efficacy standards before they can be approved for use.

Conclusion

Sodium deoxycholate serves important roles in both medical treatments and scientific research. Its ability to disrupt cell membranes makes it valuable for various applications, from cosmetic procedures to the extraction of biological molecules in the lab. However, its use must be carefully managed to avoid potential side effects.