Somatotropic hormone

Somatotropic hormone, also known as Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also stimulates the production of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).

Production and Regulation

The somatotropic hormone is produced, stored, and secreted by the somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland. The release of GH is regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin to either stimulate or inhibit GH release.

Functions

The primary role of somatotropic hormone is to promote bodily growth in young individuals. It stimulates the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. IGF-1 stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes (cartilage cells), resulting in bone growth. GH also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in GH production can lead to several conditions. Overproduction of GH in children can result in gigantism, while in adults it can cause acromegaly, a condition characterized by enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Underproduction of GH in children can lead to growth hormone deficiency, resulting in short stature.

See Also

• Pituitary gland
• Hypothalamus
• Endocrine system
• Hormone