Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews[edit | edit source]
The term Spanish and Portuguese Jews refers to the descendants of the Sephardic Jews who were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula during the late 15th century. These communities primarily settled in Western Europe, North Africa, and the Americas, maintaining distinct cultural and religious traditions.
Historical Background[edit | edit source]
The expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, under the Alhambra Decree, and from Portugal in 1497, led to the dispersal of Sephardic Jews across Europe and beyond. Many sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and various parts of Europe, including the Netherlands, Italy, and England.
Cultural and Religious Practices[edit | edit source]
Spanish and Portuguese Jews have preserved unique liturgical traditions, which differ from those of other Sephardic communities. Their synagogue services are characterized by specific melodies and prayers, often conducted in Ladino or Haketia.
Communities in Europe[edit | edit source]
Netherlands[edit | edit source]
The Netherlands became a significant center for Spanish and Portuguese Jews, particularly in Amsterdam, where they established the famous Portuguese Synagogue. This community played a crucial role in the Dutch Golden Age, contributing to commerce, philosophy, and the arts.
Italy[edit | edit source]
In Italy, Spanish and Portuguese Jews settled in cities such as Venice, Livorno, and Pisa. The Scola Spagnola in Venice and the Antica Sinagoga di Livorno are notable examples of their architectural heritage.
France[edit | edit source]
In France, communities were established in cities like Bayonne and Bordeaux. These Jews were instrumental in the development of trade and commerce in the region.
England[edit | edit source]
The readmission of Jews to England in 1656 led to the establishment of the Bevis Marks Synagogue in London, which remains the oldest synagogue in the United Kingdom.
Communities in the Americas[edit | edit source]
Spanish and Portuguese Jews also migrated to the Americas, establishing communities in places like Brazil, Suriname, and the Caribbean. These communities often maintained close ties with their European counterparts.
Modern Day[edit | edit source]
Today, Spanish and Portuguese Jewish communities continue to thrive, maintaining their unique traditions and cultural heritage. They are represented by organizations such as the Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation in London and similar bodies worldwide.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
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