Spinal dysraphism

Spinal dysraphism refers to a group of conditions that affect the development of the spinal cord. These conditions are congenital, meaning they are present at birth. Spinal dysraphism is characterized by incomplete fusion of certain structures during the early stages of fetal development. This can lead to a range of physical and neurological complications.

Types of Spinal Dysraphism

There are several types of spinal dysraphism, including:

• Spina Bifida: This is the most common type of spinal dysraphism. It occurs when the spinal cord and the bones surrounding it do not form properly. There are several subtypes of spina bifida, including spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele.

• Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome: In this condition, the spinal cord is abnormally attached (or tethered) at its base. This can cause the spinal cord to stretch as the child grows, leading to nerve damage and other complications.

• Dermal Sinus Tract: This is a rare form of spinal dysraphism where a tract, or narrow passage, forms from the skin surface to structures deeper within the body. This can lead to infections and other complications.

Symptoms

The symptoms of spinal dysraphism can vary widely, depending on the specific type and severity of the condition. They may include:

• Physical abnormalities, such as a dimple or tuft of hair on the lower back
• Neurological problems, such as weakness or numbness in the legs
• Bowel and bladder problems
• Pain in the back or legs

Diagnosis

Spinal dysraphism is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and imaging tests, such as MRI or ultrasound. In some cases, the condition may be detected before birth through prenatal screening tests.

Treatment

Treatment for spinal dysraphism depends on the specific type and severity of the condition. It may include surgery to repair the spinal cord or to relieve pressure on affected nerves. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other supportive treatments may also be needed.

See Also

• Neural tube defect
• Congenital disorder