Spinosad

Spinosad is a natural substance made by the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It is a mixture of two chemicals called spinosyn A and spinosyn D. It is used as a pesticide in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings, such as home gardens and pet products.

History

Spinosad was discovered in 1982 from the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa by scientists at Eli Lilly and Company. The bacterium was found in soil samples taken from an abandoned rum distillery on a Caribbean island. The name "spinosad" is derived from the bacterium's name and the fact that it was a novel discovery (a "new spin").

Mode of Action

Spinosad affects the nervous system of insects by causing rapid excitation of the insect's nervous system, leading to paralysis and death. It is highly effective against a wide range of insects, including mosquitoes, fleas, flies, and caterpillars. It is less toxic to non-target organisms, including many beneficial insects, birds, and mammals.

Uses

Spinosad is used in a variety of settings. In agriculture, it is used to control a wide range of pests, including thrips, leafminers, spider mites, mosquitoes, ants, fruit flies and others. It is also used in home gardens and in pet products to control fleas.

Environmental Impact

Spinosad is considered to be environmentally friendly because it is derived from a naturally occurring bacterium and is highly specific to its target pests. It breaks down quickly in the environment, reducing the risk of residual toxicity.

Safety

Spinosad has a low toxicity to humans and other mammals. However, it can be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. It is also toxic to bees and some aquatic organisms.

Resistance

Like all pesticides, there is a risk that insects may develop resistance to spinosad. This can be managed through Integrated Pest Management strategies, such as rotating spinosad with other types of pesticides.

See Also

• Biopesticide
• Integrated Pest Management
• Saccharopolyspora spinosa