Spondyloarthritis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Spondyloarthritis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Back pain, joint pain, stiffness, enthesitis, uveitis
Complications	Ankylosis, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease
Onset	Typically between ages 20 and 40
Duration	Long-term
Types	Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriatic arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Enteropathic arthritis, Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis
Causes	Genetic factors, HLA-B27
Risks	Family history, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	NSAIDs, biologics, physical therapy, exercise
Medication	TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, DMARDs
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	0.5% to 1% of the population
Deaths	Rarely directly fatal

Spondyloarthritis (or spondyloarthropathy) is a type of arthritis that attacks the spine and, in some people, the joints of the arms and legs. It can also involve the skin, intestines and eyes. The main symptom (what you feel) in most patients is low back pain. This occurs most often in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. In fact, back pain is the first symptom of these diseases.

Types

There are several types of spondyloarthritis. These include:

• Ankylosing spondylitis: This is the most common form of spondyloarthritis. It causes inflammation in the spine and large joints, leading to stiffness and pain.
• Psoriatic arthritis: This form of spondyloarthritis occurs in some people with psoriasis, a skin condition.
• Reactive arthritis: This type of spondyloarthritis often occurs after an infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection or food poisoning.
• Enteropathic arthritis: This type of spondyloarthritis is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of spondyloarthritis can vary greatly from person to person. However, most people with this condition experience:

• Pain and stiffness: Most people with spondyloarthritis have lower back pain and stiffness, which is often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Fatigue: This is a common symptom in people with spondyloarthritis.
• Swelling: Some people with spondyloarthritis have swelling in their joints, particularly in the arms, legs, and feet.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing spondyloarthritis can be difficult because the symptoms can be similar to other types of arthritis. However, a rheumatologist can often make a diagnosis based on a person's symptoms, a physical examination, and medical history. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, can also be used to look for changes in the joints and spine.

Treatment

There is no cure for spondyloarthritis, but treatments can help manage symptoms. These may include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physical therapy: This can help improve joint function and reduce pain.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These medications can help slow the progression of the disease.
• Biologic agents: These medications target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation.

Spondyloarthritis images

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  Sacroiliitis Symptoms
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  Spondyloarthritis
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  Sacroiliitis MRI

See also

• Arthritis
• Rheumatology
• Inflammation