Stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery

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Latin	ramus stapedialis arteriae auricularis posterioris

The stapedial branch of the posterior auricular artery is a small arterial branch that plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the stapedius muscle, one of the smallest muscles in the human body. This muscle is located in the middle ear and is responsible for stabilizing the stapes bone, which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Anatomy

The stapedial branch arises from the posterior auricular artery, which itself is a branch of the external carotid artery. The posterior auricular artery travels behind the ear, and the stapedial branch extends from it to reach the stapedius muscle.

Course

The stapedial branch travels through the temporal bone to reach the middle ear cavity. It enters the middle ear through a small opening and supplies the stapedius muscle. This muscle is attached to the neck of the stapes bone, and its contraction helps dampen the vibrations of the stapes, protecting the inner ear from loud sounds.

Function

The primary function of the stapedial branch is to provide the necessary blood supply to the stapedius muscle. The muscle's action is crucial for the acoustic reflex, which is an involuntary muscle contraction in response to high-intensity sound stimuli. This reflex helps protect the inner ear from potential damage caused by loud noises.

Clinical Significance

Damage or disruption to the stapedial branch can lead to dysfunction of the stapedius muscle. This can result in a condition known as hyperacusis, where normal sounds are perceived as excessively loud. Additionally, surgical procedures involving the middle ear, such as stapedectomy, must take care to avoid damaging this artery to prevent complications.

Also see

• Posterior auricular artery
• Stapedius muscle
• Middle ear
• External carotid artery
• Hyperacusis