Hyperacusis

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Hyperacusis is a hearing disorder characterized by an increased sensitivity to certain frequencies and volume ranges of sound. Individuals with hyperacusis may find everyday sounds, which are typically perceived as normal by others, to be excessively loud and sometimes painful.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound. This can lead to discomfort or pain in response to sounds that are not typically loud. Other symptoms may include:

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Social isolation
• Difficulty concentrating

Causes

Hyperacusis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Noise exposure: Prolonged exposure to loud noises can damage the auditory system.
• Head injury: Trauma to the head can affect the auditory pathways.
• Ear infections: Infections can lead to inflammation and damage to the ear structures.
• Neurological disorders: Conditions such as Bell's palsy, Lyme disease, and multiple sclerosis can affect the auditory system.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hyperacusis typically involves:

• Audiometry: A hearing test to assess the sensitivity to different frequencies and volumes.
• Patient history: A detailed history of symptoms and potential exposure to risk factors.

Differential Diagnosis

Conditions that may present with similar symptoms and should be considered include:

• Misophonia: A strong emotional reaction to specific sounds.
• Phonophobia: Fear of loud sounds.
• Tinnitus: Perception of noise or ringing in the ears.

Treatment

Treatment options for hyperacusis may include:

• Sound therapy: Gradual exposure to low-level sounds to desensitize the auditory system.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy: Psychological therapy to help manage the emotional response to sound.
• Hearing protection: Use of earplugs or earmuffs to reduce exposure to loud sounds.

Prognosis

The prognosis for hyperacusis varies. Some individuals may experience significant improvement with treatment, while others may continue to have symptoms.

See also

• Hearing loss
• Auditory processing disorder
• Sensory processing disorder