Hypochlorous acid
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Chemical compound
| IUPAC Name: | Hypochlorous acid |
| Other Names: | Chloric(I) acid |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem | 24341 |
| ChemSpider | 22788 |
| SMILES | OCl |
| InChI | 1S/ClHO/c1-2/h2H |
| InChIKey | QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| StdInChI | 1S/ClHO/c1-2/h2H |
| StdInChIKey | QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | CHNO |
| Appearance | Colorless aqueous solution |
| Density | 1.0 g/cm³ (solution) |
| Melting Point | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Solubility | Miscible with water |
| Hazards | |
| Main Hazards | Corrosive, oxidizer |
| Flash Point | |
| Autoignition Temperature | |
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water. It is an oxidizer and is used as a disinfectant. Hypochlorous acid is the active ingredient in bleach and is also produced by the human immune system to kill pathogens.
Chemical Properties[edit | edit source]
Hypochlorous acid has the chemical formula HClO and a molar mass of 52.46 g/mol. It is a colorless aqueous solution that is miscible with water. As a weak acid, it partially dissociates in water to form the hypochlorite ion (ClO⁻) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
Production[edit | edit source]
Hypochlorous acid is produced by dissolving chlorine gas (Cl₂) in water: <math>Cl_2 + H_2O \rightarrow HClO + HCl</math>
It can also be produced by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with a weak acid, such as acetic acid: <math>NaOCl + CH_3COOH \rightarrow HClO + CH_3COONa</math>
Uses[edit | edit source]
Hypochlorous acid is widely used for its disinfectant properties. It is effective against a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is used in various applications, including:
- Water treatment: Used to disinfect drinking water and swimming pools.
- Healthcare: Used for wound care and as a disinfectant in hospitals.
- Food industry: Used to sanitize food preparation surfaces and equipment.
Biological Role[edit | edit source]
In the human body, hypochlorous acid is produced by neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, during the immune response. It plays a crucial role in the destruction of pathogens through a process known as the respiratory burst.
Safety and Handling[edit | edit source]
Hypochlorous acid is a corrosive substance and an oxidizer. It should be handled with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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