Stilbenoids

Stilbenoids are a type of phenolic compounds that are produced by plants in response to pathogen attack. They are a subclass of polyphenols and include many important compounds such as resveratrol and pterostilbene.

Structure and Classification

Stilbenoids are characterized by a 1,2-diphenylethylene core structure. This core can be substituted with various functional groups, leading to a wide variety of different stilbenoids. They can be classified into three main types: monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric stilbenoids.

Monomeric Stilbenoids

Monomeric stilbenoids consist of a single stilbene unit. The most well-known example is resveratrol, which is found in grapes and wine. Other examples include pterostilbene and piceatannol.

Oligomeric Stilbenoids

Oligomeric stilbenoids are made up of two or more stilbene units linked together. Examples include ε-viniferin and miyabenol C.

Polymeric Stilbenoids

Polymeric stilbenoids are composed of many stilbene units linked together. They are less common than monomeric and oligomeric stilbenoids, but examples do exist, such as hopeaphenol.

Biological Activity

Stilbenoids have been found to have a wide range of biological activities. They are best known for their antioxidant properties, but they also have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer activities.

Biosynthesis

Stilbenoids are synthesized in plants via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The key enzyme in this process is stilbene synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to stilbenoids.

See Also

• Phenolic compounds
• Polyphenols
• Resveratrol
• Pterostilbene

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