Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Syncope, sudden cardiac arrest
Complications	Death
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Instantaneous
Types	N/A
Causes	Cardiac arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Risks	Family history, genetic predisposition, male gender, young age
Diagnosis	Electrocardiogram, genetic testing, autopsy
Differential diagnosis	Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection
Prevention	Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, beta blockers, lifestyle modification
Treatment	Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Poor without immediate intervention
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths in young adults

Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome

Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) is a term used to describe sudden death due to cardiac arrest brought on by an arrhythmia in the absence of any structural heart disease on autopsy. The most common cause of SADS is a group of hereditary disorders of the electrical system of the heart. These conditions can be very dangerous, leading to sudden death in young, apparently healthy people.

Causes

The most common cause of SADS is a group of hereditary disorders of the electrical system of the heart. These conditions include Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and Short QT syndrome. These conditions can be very dangerous, leading to sudden death in young, apparently healthy people.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of SADS is sudden death. Other symptoms can include fainting, palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can be triggered by exercise, emotional stress, or even sleep.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SADS can be challenging, as the condition often goes undetected until an event such as a cardiac arrest occurs. Diagnostic tests can include an Electrocardiogram, Genetic testing, and Cardiac MRI.

Treatment

Treatment for SADS can include medication, lifestyle changes, and the use of devices such as Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. In some cases, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for SADS can include regular check-ups, genetic testing for at-risk family members, and avoidance of known triggers.

See also

• Cardiac arrest
• Arrhythmia
• Heart disease

References

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