Sugar alcohol

Sugar alcohol, also known as polyol, is a type of carbohydrate that resembles both sugar and alcohol, though it is neither in the true chemical sense. Sugar alcohols are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, that comprise a class of polyhydric alcohols. They are commonly used in the food industry as sweeteners and bulking agents. Unlike artificial sweeteners, sugar alcohols have calories, but they are lower in calories than regular sugar, making them a popular choice in low-calorie and sugar-free products.

Types of Sugar Alcohols

Several types of sugar alcohols are used in food manufacturing, including:

• Xylitol, which is derived from birch wood or corn, and has a sweetness equal to that of sugar.
• Erythritol, which is about 70% as sweet as sugar and has almost no calories.
• Sorbitol, which is derived from glucose and is about 60% as sweet as sugar.
• Mannitol, which is derived from mannose and is about 50% as sweet as sugar.
• Lactitol, Maltitol, and Isomalt, which are derived from lactose, maltose, and sucrose respectively, and have varying degrees of sweetness.

Health Benefits and Risks

Sugar alcohols are often marketed as healthier alternatives to sugar because they can provide the sweetness without the high caloric content. They do not contribute to tooth decay, as they are not metabolized by oral bacteria, making them tooth-friendly. Additionally, they have a lower glycemic index than sugar, which means they cause a slower rise in blood glucose levels, beneficial for individuals with diabetes.

However, consuming large amounts of sugar alcohols can lead to digestive issues, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, because they are not fully absorbed by the body and ferment in the large intestine. This is particularly true for sorbitol and mannitol.

Uses in Food

Sugar alcohols are used in a wide range of food products, including:

• Sugar-free and low-sugar candies, chocolates, and chewing gums
• Sugar-free ice cream and desserts
• Low-calorie and sugar-free baked goods
• Sugar-free cough syrups and lozenges

Regulation and Labeling

In many countries, food products containing sugar alcohols must be labeled accordingly. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States requires that products claiming to be "sugar-free" or "no added sugar" must not contain sugar or any ingredient that contains sugar, except for sugar alcohols.

Conclusion

Sugar alcohols offer a sweetening option for those looking to reduce caloric intake or manage blood sugar levels. However, it is important to consume them in moderation to avoid potential digestive discomfort. As with any dietary change, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or a nutritionist to determine what is best for your individual health needs.