Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is used as a sugar substitute. It is derived from xylose, a pentose (five-carbon sugar), by reduction of the carbonyl group, hence the suffix -itol. Xylitol is naturally found in low concentrations in the fibers of many fruits and vegetables, and can be extracted from various berries, oats, and mushrooms, as well as fibrous material such as corn husks and sugar cane bagasse, and birch.

Chemical properties

Xylitol is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It is classified as a polyalcohol or sugar alcohol (alditol). In the manufacturing process, the xylose in hemicellulose is first hydrolyzed into xylose, which is then catalytically hydrogenated into xylitol.

Health effects

Xylitol has been found to have several health benefits. It has been shown to reduce the risk of dental caries, and is therefore often used in sugar-free chewing gums, candies, mints, diabetes-friendly foods and oral care products. Xylitol also has potential as a treatment for osteoporosis, as it can lead to increased bone volume and bone mineral content.

Safety

Xylitol is generally safe for human consumption, but it is extremely toxic to dogs. Even small amounts can cause hypoglycemia, liver failure, and death in dogs.

Production

Xylitol is produced by hydrogenation of xylose, which converts the sugar (an aldehyde) into a primary alcohol.

See also

• Erythritol
• Maltitol
• Sorbitol
• Xylose

Xylitol Resources
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