Swollen gums

Swollen gums, also known as gingival swelling, is a common condition affecting the gum tissue (gingiva) around the teeth. This condition can be a sign of various oral health issues, ranging from mild to severe. Swollen gums can cause discomfort, pain, and sometimes bleeding, affecting an individual's ability to eat, speak, and maintain proper oral hygiene.

Causes

Swollen gums can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Gingivitis: The initial stage of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup.
• Periodontitis: A more advanced stage of gum disease, where the inflammation has spread deeper, potentially leading to tooth loss and bone damage.
• Dental plaque: A sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth, which can irritate the gums if not removed through regular brushing and flossing.
• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormones, especially during puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and menstruation, can make gums more susceptible to swelling.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients, particularly vitamins C and K, can contribute to gum problems.
• Medications: Certain medications can cause gum swelling as a side effect, including some blood pressure drugs, immunosuppressants, and anticonvulsants.
• Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections in the mouth can lead to swollen gums.

Symptoms

Symptoms of swollen gums include:

• Red, puffy, or inflamed gums
• Tenderness or pain in the gums
• Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Receding gums
• Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of swollen gums typically involves a dental examination. A dentist or dental hygienist will assess the gums' condition, check for plaque and tartar buildup, and may use a probe to measure the depth of pockets around the teeth. In some cases, dental X-rays may be taken to evaluate the bone level around the teeth.

Treatment

Treatment for swollen gums depends on the underlying cause:

• Improved oral hygiene: Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and using an antiseptic mouthwash can help reduce swelling.
• Professional cleaning: Removal of plaque and tartar by a dental professional is crucial in treating gum disease.
• Medication: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat infections causing gum swelling. In cases of severe gum disease, other medications to control the condition may be necessary.
• Surgery: In advanced cases of periodontitis, surgical interventions such as flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts may be required.

Prevention

Preventing swollen gums involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, including:

• Brushing teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing daily to remove plaque between teeth
• Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
• Eating a balanced diet and limiting sugary snacks and drinks
• Avoiding tobacco products

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