Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

SELEX_schematic.png

Template:Infobox laboratory technique

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an in vitro selection technique used to identify nucleic acid ligands, known as aptamers, that have a high affinity for specific target molecules. This method is widely used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

History[edit | edit source]

The SELEX process was independently developed by two research groups in 1990. The technique has since become a fundamental tool in the field of molecular evolution and has been adapted for various applications, including the development of biosensors, drug delivery systems, and targeted therapies.

Process[edit | edit source]

The SELEX process involves several iterative steps:

  1. **Library Preparation**: A large library of random oligonucleotides is synthesized. These oligonucleotides can be composed of DNA, RNA, or modified nucleic acids.
  2. **Binding**: The library is incubated with the target molecule, allowing potential aptamers to bind to the target.
  3. **Partitioning**: Bound oligonucleotides are separated from unbound ones. This can be achieved through various methods such as affinity chromatography, filtration, or magnetic separation.
  4. **Amplification**: The bound oligonucleotides are amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA or reverse transcription followed by PCR for RNA.
  5. **Iteration**: The amplified oligonucleotides are subjected to additional rounds of binding, partitioning, and amplification to enrich the pool for high-affinity aptamers.

Applications[edit | edit source]

SELEX has numerous applications in both research and clinical settings:

Advantages[edit | edit source]

SELEX offers several advantages over traditional methods of ligand discovery:

  • **Specificity**: Aptamers can be selected to bind with high specificity to their target molecules.
  • **Versatility**: The SELEX process can be adapted to select aptamers for a wide range of targets, including small molecules, proteins, and even whole cells.
  • **Stability**: Aptamers are generally more stable than antibodies and can be easily modified to enhance their properties.

Limitations[edit | edit source]

Despite its advantages, SELEX also has some limitations:

  • **Complexity**: The SELEX process can be time-consuming and requires specialized equipment and expertise.
  • **Cost**: The synthesis and amplification of large oligonucleotide libraries can be expensive.
  • **Target Accessibility**: Some targets may be difficult to access or present in low abundance, complicating the selection process.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]


Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD