TUBG1

TUBG1 (Tubulin Gamma 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBG1 gene. This protein is a member of the tubulin family. Tubulin is a globular protein that is the structural constituent of microtubules, which are important for a variety of cellular processes including cell division, cell motility, and the maintenance of cell shape. TUBG1 specifically is involved in the nucleation and formation of microtubules, acting as a template for the addition of new tubulin dimers to form a microtubule.

Function

TUBG1 plays a critical role in the formation of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), including the centrosome in animal cells and the spindle pole body in fungi. It is essential for the proper assembly and function of microtubules during cell cycle progression, especially during mitosis. The protein is also involved in the maintenance of golgi apparatus structure and is associated with the nuclear envelope during interphase.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the TUBG1 gene have been associated with a range of neurological disorders, including microcephaly, epilepsy, and developmental delay. These conditions are thought to arise from disruptions in the normal formation and function of microtubules, leading to defects in neuronal migration and neural development.

Structure

The TUBG1 protein is a part of the gamma-tubulin complex, which is composed of several gamma-tubulin molecules and associated proteins. This complex acts as a nucleation site for the polymerization of alpha and beta tubulin into microtubules. The precise structure of TUBG1 and its interactions within the gamma-tubulin complex are critical for its function in microtubule nucleation.

Gene

The TUBG1 gene is located on chromosome 17 in humans. It consists of multiple exons and introns that encode the gamma-tubulin protein. The regulation of this gene's expression is crucial for cell cycle progression and is tightly controlled by various transcription factors and signaling pathways.

Evolution

Gamma-tubulin, including TUBG1, is highly conserved across eukaryotes, highlighting its fundamental role in cell biology. The conservation of this protein across different species underlines the essential nature of microtubules and their organizing centers in the cellular architecture and division.

See Also

• Microtubule
• Cell cycle
• Mitosis
• Neurological disorders

TUBG1 Resources
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