Terminalia (plant)

Terminalia catappa 1

Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. The genus name is derived from the Latin word 'terminus', referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

Description

Terminalia species are typically large trees, often growing to heights of 10-40 meters. They are characterized by their simple, alternate leaves, which are often clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers are small, usually white or yellow, and are borne in spikes or racemes. The fruit is a drupe, often winged, and varies in size and shape among species.

Distribution

The genus Terminalia is widely distributed in tropical regions, including Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Some species are also found in subtropical regions.

Ecology

Terminalia species are often found in a variety of habitats, including tropical rainforests, savannas, and coastal areas. They play a significant role in their ecosystems, providing food and habitat for a variety of animals. The fruits of many species are eaten by birds and mammals, which help in seed dispersal.

Uses

Many species of Terminalia have significant economic and medicinal value. For example, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica are important in Ayurvedic medicine. The wood of some species is used in construction and for making furniture. The fruits of some species are edible and are used in traditional medicine.

Medicinal Uses

- Terminalia arjuna: Used in traditional medicine for heart ailments. - Terminalia chebula: Known as "Haritaki" in Ayurveda, used for digestive disorders. - Terminalia bellirica: Known as "Bibhitaki" in Ayurveda, used for respiratory and digestive issues.

Species

Some notable species of Terminalia include:

• Terminalia arjuna
• Terminalia bellirica
• Terminalia catappa
• Terminalia chebula
• Terminalia ivorensis
• Terminalia superba

Conservation

Several species of Terminalia are threatened by habitat loss and over-exploitation. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these species and their habitats.

Gallery

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  Terminalia arjuna

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  Terminalia catappa

See also

• Combretaceae
• Ayurvedic medicine
• Tropical rainforest