Tertiary follicle

Tertiary Follicle

A Tertiary Follicle also known as a Graafian Follicle is a stage of ovarian follicle development that is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled cavity adjacent to the oocyte, called the antrum. This stage of follicle development is a critical part of the menstrual cycle and the process of ovulation.

Development

The development of a tertiary follicle from a secondary follicle is a part of the folliculogenesis process. This transition is marked by the formation of the antrum, a fluid-filled cavity that forms next to the oocyte. The antrum continues to expand, filling with follicular fluid that is secreted by the granulosa cells.

Structure

The tertiary follicle is composed of several key structures. The oocyte is surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells known as the cumulus oophorus. Surrounding the antrum are the theca cells, which are divided into two layers: the theca interna and the theca externa. The theca interna layer is responsible for producing androgens which are then converted into estrogens by the granulosa cells.

Function

The primary function of the tertiary follicle is to prepare the oocyte for ovulation. The growth and development of the tertiary follicle is regulated by gonadotropins, specifically FSH and LH. The surge in LH triggers the final maturation of the oocyte and the rupture of the follicle, releasing the oocyte in a process known as ovulation.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the development or function of the tertiary follicle can lead to a variety of reproductive disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility. Understanding the biology of the tertiary follicle is therefore critical for the development of treatments for these conditions.

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