Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, also known as sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7. It is a salt composed of pyrophosphate and sodium ions.

Chemical Properties

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a white, crystalline powder that is odorless and tasteless. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol. The compound decomposes upon heating to produce sodium ions and pyrophosphate ions. It has a melting point of 988 degrees Celsius.

Production

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with phosphoric acid to form disodium phosphate, which is then further heated to produce tetrasodium pyrophosphate.

Uses

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate has a wide range of uses in various industries. In the food industry, it is used as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and a leavening agent. It is also used in detergents and cleaning products to break down calcium and magnesium ions that are found in hard water. In the dental industry, it is used in toothpastes as a tartar control agent.

Health and Safety

Exposure to tetrasodium pyrophosphate can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects such as kidney damage.

Environmental Impact

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate can have a negative impact on the environment. It can cause eutrophication in water bodies, which can lead to the growth of harmful algal blooms.

See Also

• Sodium carbonate
• Phosphoric acid
• Disodium phosphate