Theca lutein cyst

Theca lutein cyst is a type of ovarian cyst that is often associated with molar pregnancy. It is a functional cyst that arises from the theca interna, a layer of the ovarian follicle. Theca lutein cysts are filled with clear, straw-colored fluid and can grow quite large, sometimes up to 10 cm in diameter. They are usually bilateral and multilocular.

Etiology

Theca lutein cysts are typically caused by an overstimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This can occur in conditions such as molar pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, or multiple pregnancies. The high levels of hCG stimulate the theca interna cells to proliferate and produce progesterone, leading to the formation of the cysts.

Symptoms

Theca lutein cysts are often asymptomatic, but they can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and menstrual irregularities. In severe cases, they can lead to ovarian torsion or rupture, which can cause severe abdominal pain and require emergency treatment.

Diagnosis

Theca lutein cysts can be diagnosed through ultrasound, where they appear as large, multilocular cysts. Blood tests may also show elevated levels of hCG. In some cases, a laparoscopy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

The treatment for theca lutein cysts depends on the underlying cause. In cases of molar pregnancy or choriocarcinoma, treatment may involve chemotherapy or surgery to remove the abnormal tissue. In cases of ovarian torsion or rupture, emergency surgery may be required. In many cases, theca lutein cysts resolve on their own once the levels of hCG decrease.

See also

• Ovarian cyst
• Molar pregnancy
• Choriocarcinoma