Menstrual irregularities

Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual irregularities refer to any abnormality in the menstrual cycle, which can include changes in the frequency, duration, or flow of menstrual periods. These irregularities can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and certain medications.

Causes

The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Any disruption in the balance of these hormones can lead to menstrual irregularities.

Medical conditions that can cause menstrual irregularities include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Lifestyle factors such as stress, extreme weight loss or gain, and excessive exercise can also disrupt the menstrual cycle.

Certain medications, including some types of birth control, can also cause changes in the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms

Symptoms of menstrual irregularities can vary widely, depending on the underlying cause. They may include periods that are too frequent (polymenorrhea), too infrequent (oligomenorrhea), too heavy (menorrhagia), too light (hypomenorrhea), or completely absent (amenorrhea).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of menstrual irregularities typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as blood tests to check hormone levels. In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to check for structural abnormalities in the reproductive organs.

Treatment

Treatment for menstrual irregularities depends on the underlying cause. It may include lifestyle modifications, hormone therapy, or surgery. In some cases, no treatment is necessary if the irregularities are not causing any health problems and the woman is not trying to become pregnant.

See also

• Menstrual cycle
• Hormones
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids