Thoracic vertebra

Thoracic vertebrae are the twelve vertebral bodies in the spine that correspond to the chest area, with the ribs attaching to them. They serve as the posterior anchor of the rib cage and are larger than the cervical vertebrae but smaller than the lumbar vertebrae.

Structure

The thoracic vertebrae are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, as well as facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs.

Components

Each thoracic vertebra consists of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes. The vertebral body is the largest part of a thoracic vertebra, and is designed for weight-bearing. The vertebral arch forms the posterior section of the vertebral foramen, which houses the spinal cord. The seven processes include one spinous, two transverse, and four articular processes.

Function

The main functions of the thoracic vertebrae are to protect the spinal cord, support the rib cage, and provide attachment points for muscles of the back and neck.

Clinical significance

Injuries or diseases affecting the thoracic vertebrae can have serious consequences, as they can affect the rib cage and therefore potentially the heart and lungs. These can include vertebral fractures, osteoporosis, spinal stenosis, and cancer.

See also

• Vertebral column
• Cervical vertebrae
• Lumbar vertebrae

References

Thoracic vertebra Resources
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