Thumb spica

Thumb spica

Classification	MeSH: D013927
External resources

A thumb spica is a type of orthopedic splint or cast used to immobilize the thumb and/or wrist. It is commonly used in the treatment of injuries such as scaphoid fractures, thumb sprains, and De Quervain's tenosynovitis. The thumb spica can be either a splint, which is removable, or a cast, which is not.

Indications

The thumb spica is indicated for a variety of conditions, including:

• Scaphoid fractures: These are fractures of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, which often require immobilization to heal properly.
• De Quervain's tenosynovitis: This is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist.
• Thumb sprains: Injuries to the ligaments of the thumb, often due to hyperextension or impact.
• Gamekeeper's thumb: Also known as skier's thumb, this is an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb.

Application

The application of a thumb spica involves the following steps: 1. Assessment: Evaluate the injury to determine the need for immobilization. 2. Preparation: Gather materials such as casting tape or splinting material, padding, and bandages. 3. Positioning: Position the thumb in a functional position, typically in slight abduction and opposition. 4. Padding: Apply padding to protect the skin and bony prominences. 5. Application: Wrap the splinting material around the thumb and wrist, ensuring the thumb is immobilized. 6. Securing: Secure the splint with bandages or tape, ensuring it is snug but not too tight. 7. Check circulation: Ensure that circulation is not compromised by checking capillary refill and sensation.

Types

There are two main types of thumb spica:

• Thumb spica splint: A removable splint that allows for some degree of movement and is often used in less severe cases or during the healing process.
• Thumb spica cast: A non-removable cast that provides more rigid immobilization, typically used for more severe injuries.

Complications

Potential complications of using a thumb spica include:

• Skin irritation: Due to prolonged contact with the splint or cast material.
• Stiffness: Prolonged immobilization can lead to joint stiffness.
• Circulatory issues: If the splint or cast is too tight, it can impede blood flow.

Also see

• Orthopedic cast
• Splint (medicine)
• Fracture
• Tendonitis

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