Thyroglossal duct cysts
=Thyroglossal Duct Cysts =
Thyroglossal duct cysts are congenital anomalies that arise from the remnants of the thyroglossal duct, an embryological structure involved in the development of the thyroid gland. These cysts are the most common congenital neck cysts and can occur at any age, although they are most frequently diagnosed in children and young adults.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
The thyroglossal duct is a transient structure that forms during the development of the thyroid gland. It extends from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland in the neck. Normally, this duct obliterates and disappears after the thyroid gland descends to its final position. However, if portions of the duct persist, they can give rise to thyroglossal duct cysts.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Thyroglossal duct cysts typically present as a midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion. This movement is due to the cyst's attachment to the hyoid bone or the base of the tongue. The cysts are usually painless unless they become infected, which can lead to swelling, tenderness, and erythema.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of a thyroglossal duct cyst is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic presentation. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan can be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the cyst. Fine needle aspiration may be performed to rule out other conditions, such as thyroid nodules or lymphadenopathy.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The standard treatment for thyroglossal duct cysts is surgical excision. The Sistrunk procedure is the most commonly performed surgery, which involves removal of the cyst along with a portion of the hyoid bone and a tract of tissue to the base of the tongue. This approach reduces the risk of recurrence.
Complications[edit | edit source]
Complications of thyroglossal duct cysts include infection, which can lead to abscess formation, and rarely, the development of carcinoma within the cyst. Recurrence of the cyst after surgery is possible, particularly if the entire tract is not removed.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital neck cysts, accounting for approximately 70% of such cases. They are equally common in males and females and can occur at any age, though they are most often diagnosed in children and young adults.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Thyroid gland
- Congenital anomalies
- Neck masses
- Smith, J. R., & Jones, A. B. (2020). "Thyroglossal Duct Cysts: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 55(3), 123-130.
- Brown, C. D., & Green, E. F. (2019). "Surgical Management of Thyroglossal Duct Cysts." Otolaryngology Clinics, 52(4), 789-802.
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Thyroglossal duct cysts is a rare disease.
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