Tin(IV) iodide

Tin(IV) iodide

Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is a chemical compound with the formula SnI₄. This compound is of interest in both the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science due to its distinctive properties and applications. Tin(IV) iodide is a red-orange crystalline solid at room temperature and exhibits a high density. It is soluble in organic solvents, which makes it useful in various organic synthesis applications.

Properties

Tin(IV) iodide is characterized by its molecular weight of 626.33 g/mol and a melting point of 144°C. It is non-volatile and exhibits low vapor pressure at room temperature. The compound is known for its stability, but it can decompose upon exposure to light and moisture, releasing iodine and forming tin(II) iodide.

Synthesis

Tin(IV) iodide can be synthesized through the direct combination of elemental tin and iodine in a 1:4 molar ratio. The reaction is typically carried out under controlled conditions to prevent the formation of unwanted by-products. Another method involves the reaction of tin(II) compounds with iodine in the presence of an oxidizing agent to ensure the formation of the tetravalent tin compound.

Applications

Tin(IV) iodide finds applications in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid catalyst. It is particularly useful in facilitating reactions that involve the addition of iodine to organic molecules. Additionally, due to its optical properties, SnI₄ is explored for use in photovoltaic devices and other electronic applications. Its ability to form stable complexes with various organic ligands also makes it a valuable reagent in the synthesis of organotin compounds.

Safety

Handling of tin(IV) iodide requires caution due to its reactivity and the potential for iodine release. Appropriate safety measures, including the use of gloves and eye protection, are recommended. In case of exposure, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

See Also

• Tin compounds
• Iodine
• Lewis acids and bases
• Organic synthesis