Tiopronin

Tiopronin is a prescription medication used primarily in the treatment of cystinuria, a rare inherited disorder that causes a buildup of the amino acid cystine in the kidneys and bladder, leading to the formation of cystine stones. Tiopronin, sold under the brand name Thiola, works by reducing the amount of cystine in the urine, thereby preventing the formation of these stones.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Tiopronin is a thiol, a type of organic compound that contains a sulfur-hydrogen group. In the body, tiopronin binds to cystine to form a more soluble compound, which can be excreted more easily in the urine. This reduces the concentration of cystine in the urine and prevents the formation of cystine stones.

Uses[edit | edit source]

The primary use of tiopronin is in the treatment of cystinuria. It is typically used when other treatments, such as dietary changes and increased fluid intake, are not sufficient to prevent the formation of cystine stones. In some cases, tiopronin may also be used to dissolve existing cystine stones.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Like all medications, tiopronin can cause side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, tiopronin can cause more serious side effects, such as skin rash, fever, and joint pain, which may be signs of a severe allergic reaction.

Precautions[edit | edit source]

Before starting treatment with tiopronin, patients should inform their healthcare provider about any other medications they are taking, as tiopronin can interact with other drugs. Patients should also inform their healthcare provider if they have any other medical conditions, especially liver or kidney disease.