Toothache

Pain in or around a tooth

Toothache
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain in or around a tooth
Complications	Infection, abscess
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	Dental caries, pulpitis, abscess
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, radiographs
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Dental treatment, pain management
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

A toothache is pain in or around a tooth. It can be caused by a variety of dental issues, including dental caries, pulpitis, and dental abscess. Toothaches can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and can significantly affect a person's quality of life.

Causes

Toothaches can be caused by several dental conditions:

• Dental caries: Also known as cavities, these are caused by the breakdown of tooth enamel due to acids produced by bacteria in the mouth.
• Pulpitis: Inflammation of the dental pulp, which can be reversible or irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is mild and can be treated by removing the irritant, while irreversible pulpitis requires more extensive treatment such as a root canal.
• Dental abscess: A collection of pus that can form in different regions of the tooth due to bacterial infection. It can cause severe pain and swelling.
• Gingivitis and Periodontitis: Inflammation of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth can also lead to toothache.
• Tooth fracture: A cracked or broken tooth can expose the sensitive inner layers of the tooth, leading to pain.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of a toothache is pain in or around a tooth. The pain can be sharp, throbbing, or constant. In some cases, pain occurs only when pressure is applied to the tooth. Other symptoms that may accompany a toothache include:

• Swelling around the tooth
• Fever or headache
• Foul-tasting drainage from the infected tooth
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a toothache involves a clinical examination by a dentist. The dentist will:

• Take a detailed history of the pain and any other symptoms
• Perform a physical examination of the mouth, teeth, and gums
• Use diagnostic tools such as dental radiographs (X-rays) to identify the underlying cause of the pain

Treatment

Treatment for a toothache depends on the underlying cause:

• Dental caries: Treatment may involve filling the cavity or, in severe cases, performing a root canal.
• Pulpitis: Reversible pulpitis can be treated by removing the irritant and restoring the tooth. Irreversible pulpitis may require a root canal or extraction.
• Dental abscess: Treatment involves draining the abscess and eliminating the infection, often through a root canal or extraction.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain until dental treatment is received.

Prevention

Preventing toothaches involves maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. Key preventive measures include:

• Brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing daily to remove plaque between teeth
• Limiting sugary foods and drinks
• Regular dental visits for cleanings and examinations

Also see

• Dental caries
• Pulpitis
• Dental abscess
• Gingivitis
• Periodontitis