Toxic metal

Toxic metals are a group of metals and metalloids that have the potential to harm our health when absorbed or ingested. They are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density much greater than water. In small amounts, some of these metals support life, but when taken in large amounts, they can become toxic.

Types of Toxic Metals

There are several types of toxic metals including lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, aluminum, and chromium.

• Lead is a toxic metal that can cause serious health problems if it's ingested or if dust containing lead is inhaled. Overexposure to lead can cause damage to the brain and nervous system, behavior and learning problems, slowed growth, and hearing problems.

• Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is found in air, water and soil. It exists in several forms: elemental or metallic mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, float valves, mercury switches, and other devices, though concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alternatives.

• Arsenic is a naturally occurring semi-metal element. It is used in industry and agriculture, and for medicinal purposes. It is also a byproduct of copper smelting, mining and coal burning. Arsenic can combine with other elements to make chemicals used to preserve wood and to kill insects on cotton and other agricultural crops.

• Cadmium is a naturally occurring metal found in the earth's crust. It is used in batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics. All soils and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, contain some cadmium.

• Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. It is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine. Aluminum metal is silver-like and flexible. It does not rust and is resistant to many forms of corrosion.

• Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic dust and gases. Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI).

Health Effects

Exposure to toxic metals can lead to various health effects depending on the type of metal, the amount of exposure, and the individual's personal health. Symptoms can range from mild effects such as skin irritation or nausea, to severe effects such as organ damage, neurological impairment, and even death in extreme cases.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of toxic metal exposure primarily involves controlling the source of the exposure and using personal protective equipment. Treatment of toxic metal poisoning depends on the type of metal and the severity of the symptoms. It may involve removal of the source of exposure, chelation therapy, and supportive care.