Trace amine-associated receptor

Trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) is a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are predominantly expressed in the olfactory epithelium. They were discovered in 2001 and are named for their ability to bind trace amines, which are present in the body in trace amounts.

Function

TAARs are involved in a variety of physiological processes. They are known to play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, neuroendocrine function, and immune system response. Some TAARs are also thought to be involved in the detection of social cues through the olfactory system.

Classification

There are nine known human TAARs, which are classified into two groups: Class I and Class II. Class I TAARs are closely related to amine receptors, while Class II TAARs are more closely related to peptide receptors.

Ligands

TAARs are activated by a variety of ligands, including trace amines, amines, and peptides. Some TAARs are also activated by volatile compounds, which are thought to be important for the detection of social cues.

Clinical significance

Alterations in TAAR function have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. As such, TAARs are considered potential targets for the development of new therapeutic agents.

See also

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Trace amine
• Neurotransmitter
• Neuroendocrine system
• Immune system