Trace elements

Trace elements are chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient.

Definition

Trace elements, also known as trace minerals, are part of the dietary minerals category. They are distinguished from other minerals in that they are required less than 100 milligrams per day by adults. Despite their low quantity, they are crucial for several biological functions and play an important role in a number of physiological processes, including enzyme function and cellular homeostasis.

Examples

Examples of trace elements include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, selenium, and fluoride. Each of these elements plays a unique role in the body's function and health.

Iron

Iron is a component of hemoglobin, the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to transport it throughout the body.

Zinc

Zinc is necessary for the function of over 300 enzymes and involved in many important processes in your body. It metabolizes nutrients, maintains your immune system and grows and repairs body tissues.

Copper

Copper helps with the formation of collagen, increases the absorption of iron and plays a role in energy production.

Deficiency and Toxicity

Both deficiency and excess of trace elements can have detrimental effects on the body. For example, iron deficiency can lead to anemia, while iron overload can result in organ damage. Similarly, zinc deficiency can lead to growth retardation, while excess zinc can interfere with copper absorption and lead to anemia.

See Also

• Mineral (nutrient)
• Dietary element
• Essential nutrient
• Biochemistry