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Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. The disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956. It was caused by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corporation's chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. This highly toxic chemical bioaccumulated in shellfish and fish in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui Sea, which, when eaten by the local populace, resulted in mercury poisoning.

History

The timeline of Minamata disease can be traced back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of the Chisso Corporation's chemical factory in Minamata city. The factory began its operation in 1908, producing acetaldehyde using a mercury catalyst. The wastewater from the factory, which contained methylmercury, was discharged into Minamata Bay.

1950s

In the 1950s, the first cases of Minamata disease were officially discovered. In 1956, a local hospital reported an "epidemic of an unknown disease of the central nervous system", marking the official discovery of the disease. The victims were suffering from a range of symptoms, including ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma and death followed within weeks of the onset of symptoms.

1960s

In the 1960s, the cause of the disease was traced back to the Chisso Corporation's chemical factory. In 1968, the factory stopped its wastewater discharge into Minamata Bay, marking the end of the severe mercury poisoning.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Minamata disease include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma and death can occur.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for Minamata disease. The disease can be prevented by avoiding exposure to mercury. Once a person is diagnosed with the disease, the progression can be slowed down with supportive measures.

See also

• Mercury poisoning
• Methylmercury
• Chisso Corporation
• Industrial wastewater

References

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