Trichothecenes

Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins produced by various species of fungi, including those from the genera Fusarium, Mycrodochium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys. They are chemically related sesquiterpenes that are harmful to animals and humans.

Classification

Trichothecenes can be classified into four types (A, B, C, and D) based on their chemical structures. Type A trichothecenes include T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol. Type B trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and fusarenon X. Type C trichothecenes include crotocin and baccharin, while Type D trichothecenes include satratoxin and verrucarin.

Toxicity

Trichothecenes are highly toxic and inhibit protein synthesis, which can lead to a variety of health problems. Symptoms of trichothecene poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, shock and death. Chronic exposure to trichothecenes can lead to immune suppression and bone marrow damage.

Detection and Treatment

Detection of trichothecenes in food and feed is typically done using chromatographic methods. Treatment of trichothecene poisoning involves removing the source of exposure and providing supportive care. There is currently no specific antidote for trichothecene poisoning.

See Also

• Mycotoxin
• Fusarium
• Stachybotrys

Trichothecenes Resources
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