Triterpene

Triterpenes are a class of chemical compounds consisting of three terpene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units. Triterpenes are one of the major classes of natural products and are found in a variety of plants, animals, and fungi. They are divided into various subclasses in accordance with chemical structure, including steroids.

Structure and Biosynthesis

Triterpenes are made up of three terpene units, each consisting of five carbon atoms. They are derived from the biosynthesis of squalene, a linear triterpene that is converted into various cyclic forms by the action of enzymes. The biosynthesis of triterpenes is a complex process that involves multiple steps and enzymes.

Types of Triterpenes

There are several types of triterpenes, including pentacyclic triterpenes, tetracyclic triterpenes, and steroids. Pentacyclic triterpenes are characterized by five carbon rings, while tetracyclic triterpenes have four carbon rings. Steroids, a type of triterpene, are characterized by a fused four-ring core structure.

Biological Significance

Triterpenes have been found to have a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. They are also involved in the formation of cell membranes and in the regulation of gene expression.

See Also

• Terpene
• Squalene
• Steroid

References

Triterpene Resources
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