Airway obstruction

Airway Obstruction

Airway obstruction is a medical condition characterized by the partial or complete blockage of the airway. It can occur in the upper or lower airways and can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.

Causes

Airway obstruction can be caused by a variety of factors. These include foreign objects, allergic reactions, infections, tumors, and certain medical conditions such as asthma and COPD. In children, common causes include choking on small objects and severe croup.

Symptoms

Symptoms of airway obstruction can vary depending on the severity and location of the blockage. Common symptoms include difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and a change in coloration of the skin or lips (cyanosis). In severe cases, it can lead to loss of consciousness or cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of airway obstruction typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Additional tests such as chest x-rays, bronchoscopy, or pulmonary function tests may be performed to determine the cause and extent of the obstruction.

Treatment

Treatment for airway obstruction depends on the cause and severity of the blockage. Immediate measures may include the Heimlich maneuver for choking, or the administration of epinephrine for an allergic reaction. Long-term treatment may involve medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for airway obstruction include avoiding known allergens, maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent conditions such as COPD, and ensuring small objects are kept out of reach of children.

See also

• Choking
• Asthma
• COPD
• Heimlich maneuver